Prelims Mantra (Practice Questions) (20/12/2025)

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Question 1 of 5

1. Question

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:

List-I (Organisation)	List-II (Primary Role)
A. ISRO	1. Space sector regulation and authorisation
B. IN-SPACe	2. Research and development of space technologies
C. NSIL	3. Commercialisation of space assets

Codes:

a) A–1, B–2, C–3
b) A–2, B–1, C–3
c) A–2, B–3, C–1
d) A–3, B–1, C–2

Correct

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. ISRO: Research and development of space technologies

- ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is India’s primary R&D agency in space.

Its core functions include:

- Satellite design and development
- Launch vehicle development (PSLV, Gaganyaan, etc.)
- Space science missions (Chandrayaan, Aditya-L1)
- After space sector reforms, ISRO no longer acts as a regulator or commercial seller.

ISRO is not responsible for private authorisations or commercial contracts anymore.

B. IN-SPACe: Space sector regulation and authorisation

IN-SPACe was created to act as:

- A single-window regulator
- A promoter and authoriser of private space activities

It grants permissions for:

- Private satellite launches
- Private launch vehicles
- Ground stations and space-based services

It also ensures compliance with:

- National security
- International space treaties (Outer Space Treaty, 1967)

C. NSIL: Commercialisation of space assets

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is a CPSE under the Department of Space.

Its role is purely commercial, such as:

- Selling ISRO launch services
- Leasing satellite capacity
- Transferring ISRO technologies to industry
- NSIL does not regulate and does not do R&D.

Incorrect

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. ISRO: Research and development of space technologies

- ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is India’s primary R&D agency in space.

Its core functions include:

- Satellite design and development
- Launch vehicle development (PSLV, Gaganyaan, etc.)
- Space science missions (Chandrayaan, Aditya-L1)
- After space sector reforms, ISRO no longer acts as a regulator or commercial seller.

ISRO is not responsible for private authorisations or commercial contracts anymore.

B. IN-SPACe: Space sector regulation and authorisation

IN-SPACe was created to act as:

- A single-window regulator
- A promoter and authoriser of private space activities

It grants permissions for:

- Private satellite launches
- Private launch vehicles
- Ground stations and space-based services

It also ensures compliance with:

- National security
- International space treaties (Outer Space Treaty, 1967)

C. NSIL: Commercialisation of space assets

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is a CPSE under the Department of Space.

Its role is purely commercial, such as:

- Selling ISRO launch services
- Leasing satellite capacity
- Transferring ISRO technologies to industry
- NSIL does not regulate and does not do R&D.

Question 2 of 5

2. Question
With reference to the Bureau of Port Security (BoPS), consider the following statements:

1. BoPS is constituted under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 and will function autonomously under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

2. The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has been designated as a Recognised Security Organisation for port facilities to assist in assessments and planning of security measures.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct

Answer: B

Explanation: BoPS is constituted under the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025 (not 1958) and functions under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways; Option II is correct regarding CISF’s designation.

Incorrect

Answer: B

Explanation: BoPS is constituted under the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025 (not 1958) and functions under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways; Option II is correct regarding CISF’s designation.
Question 3 of 5

3. Question
Consider the following:

Statement I: The Bureau of Port Security will include a dedicated division for cybersecurity.

Statement II: Modern port security requires protection of digital infrastructure and timely exchange of threat information.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is not correct
- d) Statement-I is not correct but Statement-II is correct
Correct

Answer: A

Explanation: BoPS will focus on cyber security of port IT infrastructure and information exchange, and the Statement II correctly explains the need for such a division.

Incorrect

Answer: A

Explanation: BoPS will focus on cyber security of port IT infrastructure and information exchange, and the Statement II correctly explains the need for such a division.
Question 4 of 5

4. Question
Which of the following correctly describes the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and intergalactic medium (IGM)?

1. CGM is part of a galaxy’s extended halo, while IGM is the space between galaxies.

2. Current CGM mass measurements may be affected by IGM gas along the observational line of sight.

3. Dark matter and gas in the CGM are unrelated to the cosmic web.

Select the correct answer:
- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct

Answer: A

Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the CGM interacts with the cosmic web and is linked to galaxy evolution.

Incorrect

Answer: A

Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the CGM interacts with the cosmic web and is linked to galaxy evolution.
Question 5 of 5

5. Question
Which of the following initiatives were launched or highlighted during the Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine?

1. Traditional Medicine Global Library

2. My Ayush Integrated Services Portal (MAISP)

3. Ayush Mark as benchmark for quality

4. Establishment of WHO collaborating centre for genetics research

Select the correct answer:
- a) 1, 2 and 3 only
- b) 1 and 4 only
- c) 2, 3 and 4 only
- d) All of the above
Correct

Answer: A

Explanation:

Traditional Medicine Global Library: global data repository.

MAISP: master digital portal for Ayush services.

Ayush Mark: intended global quality benchmark.

Item 4 is incorrect as there was no mention in the release of a WHO genetics research centre being inaugurated or established at this summit.

Incorrect

Answer: A

Explanation:

Traditional Medicine Global Library: global data repository.

MAISP: master digital portal for Ayush services.

Ayush Mark: intended global quality benchmark.

Item 4 is incorrect as there was no mention in the release of a WHO genetics research centre being inaugurated or established at this summit.

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Prelims Mantra (Practice Questions) (20/12/2025)